Sri Lanka is one of the hot spots in biodiversity. As a result significant crop diversity is available within the country. Underutilized crop is generally used to refer to species whose potential has not been fully realized and exploited. Some species are widely distributed island wide but some may occupy locally confined niches. Most of this crop genetic diversity has been explored and conserved in Plant Genetic Resources Centre (PGRC) for sustainable utilization. Out of 140 species conserved in long-term storage at seed gene bank of PGRC, more than 25 species are found to be underutilized food crops. Different millet species and traditional bean species are prominent among them. More than 600 accessions are available in these conserved species in seed genebank. Some of the underutilized tuber crops such as some species of Diascorea, Innala have been conserved under slow growth in vitro conditions. Protocol development of cryopreservation technique is going on to conserve underutilized fruit crops. Multiplication, characterization and evaluation of these accessions for important agronomic traits are the routine practices at PGRC for utilization of those germplasm in crop improvement programs. Species identification, interspecific and intraspecific diversity analysis among these conserved accessions is conducting for further application. Distribution of these germplasm has been done among breeders, researchers and other interest farmers. Other than that a large number of underutilized fruit species and its diversity have been conserved in field gene banks of agriculture research institutes all over the country. Data recording regarding distribution of fruit germplasm and its important traits is in progress to develop a database at PGRC.